... privately operated commercial satellites for the protection of their national security interests. This means any attempt to apply the jus in bello principles to a ‘space war’ is fraught with complexity, challenging the overly simplistic assumptions...
...-building measures by and between States will improve the security and sustainability of outer space, and the best way to implement the Registration Convention is through national space legislation. A Russian Meridian satellite being prepared for...
...may withdraw the authorisation. In such cases, the Minister may order measures to avoid any security or environmental risks, including deorbiting the space object. The sanctions for violation of the law range from a fine to imprisonment of up to five...
... its indirect impact is correlated to the fact that space weather can heat the upper atmosphere and cause it ...that a reliable electricity supply is essential for a nation’s security and society’s well-being. Modern infrastructures do not operate in...
... and magnetic field. These satellites will form a space-based Earth observation network to conduct both basic Earth... officer of the Royal Netherlands Air Force, space analyst and author of numerous space related articles (https://smid.one). He has...
... misperceptions. This all depends on senior leaders’ conceptions and/or fears of the threats posed by space systems to their countries’ national security or even their own political futures and, of course, the perception of national populations. What...