...‘ZATO’, a closed area, while Plesetsk is run by the military), but over time they opened up. France’s President de Gaulle ... was dropped from a B-52 bomber in 1990 to orbit a military satellite, the idea then used in the Explorer scientific programme. ...
... government space leaders Tuesday offered justification for their ambitious plans to reorganise the nation’s civil and military space efforts and to accelerate exploration programmes, including the new goal announced in recent weeks to land American...
...Defence, Robert Gates, wrote that, “the threat to our military forces and to our allies and partners is growing rapidly.”1 ...States are no longer adversaries, and prospects for military confrontation have declined dramatically.”7 However, the recent...
...MilSpec) parts manufacture. However, the necessary quality and reliability improvements drove costs skyward, making military and spaceflight hardware expensive. Meanwhile, the commercial world increasingly used electronics in its products, increasing...
... data and technical ideas with colleagues in nation states that are difficult if not impossible for the US military or Department of State. Universities can pursue purely scientific collaborations with these nation states in a way that develops...
... world were to be restructured with a top administrator assigned the task of planetary defence against cosmic hazards, and if military space programmes were similarly restructured, then more rapid progress could be made in this crucial area. For...