... debris. Even climate change - a complex issue that involves the interaction of human industry and solar radiation on Earth’s atmosphere - is a form of solar threat, though this is not addressed here. A long filament erupted on the Sun on 31 August...
... taken place. They include securing a dedicated, operational solar-wind monitoring spacecraft stationed between Sun and Earth, at a distance of 1.5 million km. This was achieved with the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft. NOAA has...
...needed before crews venture far beyond the vicinity of Earth. Gateway life support evolution Despite all of the progress...mission capabilities and also reduce the spare parts needed from Earth to maintain the equipment. Finally, the most important ...
...roughly constant as we spiral out, we would need 5.8 x1014 m2 of solar cells. That is 1.1 times the total surface area of Earth. Parasol shades Let’s take a look at a project that is of similar scale, easier (by far) for a primitive civilisation like...